Spatio-Temporal Variability of Soil Properties and Nutrient Uptake for Sustainable Intensification of Rainfed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajana) in Semi-Arid Tropics of India

A study was conducted at Kalamandari Tanda-1 micro-watershed, Karnataka, India, to assess the spatio-temporal variability of surface soil properties sampled from 23 varied soil-phase units, delineated using IRS P6 LISS-IV merged Cartosat-I imagery (2.5 m spatial resolution). Three sets samples (231 in each set) were collected, analyzed, and interpolated evaluate variability. Further soil-phase-wise composite representative (23 collected before sowing after harvest pigeon peasin January 2019 2020. Results showed that OC with N, Mg Ca, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), cation exchange capacity (CEC) Mn K2O have a significantly positive association (p < 0.01) during both years. Similarly, 0.05) observed among N Cu, CEC, Zn Fe, while negative seen between available P2O5 Na. Skewness descriptive statistics revealed pH, EC, Mg, B, ESP distribution temporally, whereas other parameters remained almost unchanged. Geo-statistically, measured best fitted exponential, stable, K-Bessel models. The 2018 shown weak dependency, rest moderate strong dependency. These maps exported as vector layers quantify properties.